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The same code can be found also on Github. Docker is not present in the jenkins/jenkins container, the pipeline If you are planning to use Jenkins for your CI, this article will help There are actually a number of other components in Docker (e.g. stable", "service docker start && /sbin/tini -- /usr/local/bin/jenkins.sh". on the host machine directly. Here is sample Dockerfile for such problem described in the prior section, you may still face more problems. The complete Linx Apline Dockerfile is below. other Docker resources too, such as networks or volumes. between the Jenkins master container and the host. objective of running your Jenkins pipeline while leveraging the power reported by the Jenkins docker agent: The problem here is that when Jenkins uses Docker to create the agent That being said, when the user Jenkins (UID=1000 AND GUI=1000) is trying to connect, is getting permission denied warning. Coupled with the fact that it is free and open-source, it isn't hard to see why it is widely used. my-container my-container will fail if the host already has a running daemon within it, its not an unsecure privileged container. But unfortunately thats not avoid naming containers in your pipeline steps (which is fine but running inside the system container, not the Docker daemon on the Docker actually uses a client-server architecture, kinda like this. Image isolated from whatever Docker containers are being launched by When installing Jenkins on a host, the easiest way to do it is to run Thats a It took me a few days and extensive Googling to understand and figure out the problem. Before I jump into the solutions, let's first understand how Docker works. But since Thus, when you run your pipeline with Jenkins, youll get Well, you might think the solution is easy - just install Docker in Docker, right? Thats because this Mounting the hosts Docker socket into the agent is fine, except that For example, the pipeline definition below configures a Docker agent First, lets try to figure out what is happening behind the scenes. connected to the Docker daemon on the host via the hosts Docker common and convenient), the jenkins/jenkins image wont work. much appreciated! This saves an image: Now, when running this image you must now mount the host machines No custom image Docker plugin: 1) We had to create a custom Docker image for the Jenkins master. image (which the Dockerfile above uses as its base image) defaults to Technology consultant from Cambridge, UK specialising in software engineering, machine learning, machine vision, and building data-driven products, Cookies Visualized: Everything you ever need to know about Web Cookies, Improve GraphQL Performance with Automatic Persisted Queries, Beautiful Load Testing With K6 and Docker Compose, Solutions for Operation not permitted error when Postgresql is running on Docker using Vagrants, Oracle Database Cloud Service User Managed Backup using DBCLI Part2. containers ran by Jenkins and other containers. In this case the docker container with the golang image would be This is just like how the brain has multiple sources of inputs, like eyes and ears, something like this. similar to a VM but faster, easier to use, and much more efficient. The relevant Docker-Compose.yaml file which injects the ENV variable DOCKER_HOST_GID dynamically is below. (repeated below for convenience) works perfectly fine. The pipeline has a single step that requires running a Docker Ideally this should run without problems. To solve this, you must first create a custom Docker image that has nice because you avoid having to install Jenkins and its dependencies Sometimes its useful for a pipeline stage to invoke Docker commands. That means you will have to build the image yourself in order to work as expected with your own $DOCKER_HOST_GID variable. 4) In the pipeline steps, the Docker commands we issued were performed The second solution is to mount the docker client and unix socket into the Jenkins container. the mounted Docker socket. For the time being, the variables are updated as expected, but in order to change the permissions of the mounted socket we need to escalate our permissions to root, and then de-escalate to the Jenkins user again. container named my-container within the Docker agent container. It also took me the longest time to figure out. The docker processes are generally isolated. As it turns out, there is no obvious solution for this. be found in the Nestybox GitHub site here. Docker daemon. jenkins/jenkins did not suffice. below for info on how to obtain it). Follow to join The Startups +8 million monthly readers & +756K followers. causes problems when your pipeline has Docker commands in it as correct permission for the volume mount. daemon, in complete isolation from the underlying host. Turns out however that there are several problems that arise when And the actual env file docker.env holding our variables. The client communicates with the server via a socket. socket. It occurs when naming Hopefully you have a better understanding of how Docker works. However, if your Jenkins pipeline uses Docker as an agent (which is The server refers to the docker daemon, or dockerd, which is a background process that is responsible for executing the actions requested by the clients. security). Notice also that even though the system container runs the Docker As you can see the DOCKER_HOST_GID was set as an environment variable with the default setting of 1001 (exactly as GID of the Docker User on the Host Machine. When I first started learning Docker, my impression was that you just have to install the docker binary and it does everything for you. A sample Dockerfile looks like this. While this configuration works, notice that all containers spawned by This reduces isolation Jenkins is one of the best tools for Continuous Integration (CI) due worrying about colliding with Jenkins and its container operations. The Dockerfile and supervisord configuration for that image can ), Supervisord (the system containers process manager). Docker in docker is a concept not exclusive to this use case. Its possible to completely avoid problems (2), (3), and (4) described The following figure shows the configuration. Jenkins and the Docker CLI in it. command in the pipeline shown above). Firstly, it allows for the Docker client to be running separately from the Docker daemon. needed anymore. launch the system container. Need to grant privileged access to dind. During this time though, the user that the Jenkins pod is running under (user=Jenkins) comes with the default permissions UID=1000 and GUI=1000. running Jenkins in a container and using the Jenkins Docker plugin in The benefit however is that it gives the developer full control over the build environment. mount of the Docker socket (args '-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock'). In the docker-compose.yml file below, a dedicated network jenkins_dindis used to connect the Jenkins and dind image, so we can use port 2375 in this case. This means you can use the host for other tasks too, without ever While these may seem as trivial problems, they will likely take you the agent containers (such as the golang container for the pipeline This is required since the Docker agents docker image only has the be addressed in a simple way by using a Nestybox system container. system container as a container-based virtual host: in many ways host, and that creation will only succeed if there is no other In other words, the Docker daemon on the host is completely An analogy is that the docker client is a speaker that issues commands; the docker socket are like ears that listen to these commands and sends them to the daemon; the daemon is the brain that processes these commands and executes them. completely isolated from the Docker daemon on the host. the agent container, we get the permission error shown above. Docker resources on the host itself. The solution consists of using a system container image that acts as a This can be done by setting the DOCKER_HOST env variable to tcp://: in the Jenkins container. This leads to a situation where Jenkins requires access to docker from within a docker container. sockets group. to its maturity, huge number of plugins, support for distributed For example, in the following pipeline configuration, assume image container. To get GID automaticallyou you can also execute: Because of the fact that we mounted the Unix socket docker from the host to the container file system, docker engine is inheriting the host permissions to the container respectively. Image I hope this article helps you to better visualise and understand the Docker architecture, the Docker in Docker problem, as well as the various solutions. The most ideal scenario would be for Jenkins to release an official solution for this. Enjoy your stay :), How To Install PortWorx On A Kubernetes Cluster, Server Administration, Machine Learning & Ai Tutorials. I found a number of different solutions, but in this article I will present and explain 3 different solutions. Fundamentally, this solution works because the system container image Docker-Hub image containing the Docker CLI in it). access the Jenkins UI by directing your browser to your hosts IP $(lsb_release -cs) \ The client refers to the docker binary itself, and is the interface that developers who use Docker are familiar with. required). host. Jenkins and Docker within it whenever we want to run Jenkins in a You can get access to free trial on our website. restrictive) or simply dedicate the machine to running Jenkins Notice how the simpler command avoids problem (2) above (i.e., no With this approach, you can launch Jenkins, configure it via its web For those unfamiliar with networking, a socket is a generic networking construct and is not specific to docker. system container, you can be sure that youll never collide with If you will try to examine the socket permissions on the host, you will see that is running under UID=0 and GUI=1001 (Docker) as seen below after executing the stat /var/run/docker.sock command. Incidentally, this image is used internally by Docker (as in the company) to build and test docker itself. Jenkins is perhaps the most commonly used CI/CD tool for building, testing and deploying applications. Secondly, a Docker daemon can have multiple sockets, and each socket can have multiple clients. In order to avoid this type of failure you are now forced to either Since Jenkins is just another application we have to host, an interesting question arises what if we were to also dockerize Jenkins itself? container runtime is already installed on your host (see Free Trial simple pipeline. This solution requires giving privileged access to the docker container. to create a custom Docker image for the Jenkins agent. This allows to issue Docker commands on one host and have it executed on another host. By Using a Docker-Compose file with a .env file we can change this setting automatically without any other intervention. container and configure it with its Docker plugin. Since the pipeline is running inside the web based UI and configure it to run your pipeline. This way you eliminate the chances of naming collisions between To solve this, you are now forced to create a custom image for the which collide with resources used in the host already. Talk about Dockerception. a non-root user inside the container. One of the key features of Jenkins is its support for Docker The Jenkins agent container is simply This image contains a docker daemon and has a TCP socket bounded at port 2375 (for unencrypted traffic) and 2376 (for encrypted traffic with TLS). on the host by the Nestybox system container in order to enhance We have such an image in the Nestybox Docker Hub, together with its For example, on my host Jenkins is listening on port 32789 as shown below: Thus, if I direct my browser to that port, Ill see Jenkins there: I can then access Jenkins by pulling the credentials from the system container: You can then configure and run your pipeline as usual. In fact the Docker daemon inside the system container is Right out of the box, the image provided by Jenkins does not run as root. In the meantime, this a fun problem to solve. There are more solutions out there, such as nestybox, but their implementations should be a variation of the concepts in this article (don't quote me on that though!). several hours to figure out (as they took me while researching Jenkins containerd, which can be thought of as the hands in this analogy), but knowing these 3 components is sufficient for understanding the solutions. build or run a container from within your pipeline)? Now, what if your pipeline steps need to run Docker commands (e.g., to Docker CLI in it, not the daemon. Also, the Docker agents docker image runs with a volume your pipelines. A sample docker-compose.yml file is as follows. docker did not suffice. We have developed a prototype and are looking for early adopters. But there is a lot more going on behind the scenes. that has the Jenkins server in it. interactions with Docker), taking precious time away from your real a Docker container that contains the Jenkins server in it. A socket allows for 2 processes to communicate with each other, in this case the client and server. This was exactly the problem I faced a few months ago, when I was trying to build a Docker image in Jenkins. created by the Docker daemon running inside the system container. you the trouble of having to install Jenkins and all its dependencies Can work with base Jenkins image directly, Jenkins container not require privileged access, Seems like the most common solution on the internet, No isolation between host and Jenkins container, The docker socket may not have the right permissions within the Jenkins container, Isolation between host and Jenkins container. The permission issues are gone, because all work inside the system This allows the Docker daemon to execute commands received from multiple interfaces. container to the Docker daemon on the host by mounting the daemons "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian, 'docker run --name my-container my-container', '-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock', Simple solution with Nestybox System Containers. the pipeline configuration for the golang image we showed earlier launching Docker containers. Its painful since all you wanted to do was run a Jenkins provides a Docker image called jenkins/jenkins This non-root user does not have permission to access When the system container starts, supervisord will start Jenkins and The problem is not specific to container names. In my humble opinion this is the cleanest solution among the 3. The saying "the third times the charm" is applicable here. Thus, you must connect the Docker CLI in the Jenkins my-docker-agent is a custom Docker agent image that solves the This led to the creation of the official docker-in-docker (also known as dind) image. image only has Jenkins and the Docker CLI in it, but not the example above). However, this is better than granting it to the Jenkins container directly. In this case, we are getting a permission denied warning. This user will not have This is fine in many cases, but restrictions even if those pipeline steps require building or For example, if your pipeline has something like this: then Jenkins will request Docker to run the golang image. You can think of the and port associated with the system container. You can obtain Thus my-container is created by the Docker daemon on the We We can build the image and run a container from the image with following commands: I personally do not like this solution, so let's move on. 3) If we want to run Docker commands in our Jenkins pipeline, we had The official jenkins/jenkins:lts docker image does not come with Docker installed, so we have to look for workarounds. fail if they name Docker resources (containers, networks, volumes) In recent years, the dockerizing of applications has become a standard practice in the industry, and Jenkins is as a result often used for building docker images. There are 3 types of sockets used in docker: In most cases, only Unix and TCP sockets are used. container with the same name. The only thing that you need to do is to recreate the image with the command: Or even easier would be to just use the Docker-Compose file above that already contains the build command (The image will only build if it doesnt exist). with the docker image and runs a docker build step in it. described in the next section. quest to simply run Jenkins in a container and use the Jenkins This failure occurs because the Docker daemon in the host is the sole Lets quickly recap the problems that weve faced up to now in our in the prior section by running Jenkins inside a Nestybox system container. builds, etc. As a result, these may Here. This solves problem (4). containers (via the Docker plugin), as it makes it easy to create CI dedicated Jenkins sandbox and has the following software in it: Docker (not just the CLI, the Docker daemon too! simply specify the pipelines agent configuration as follows: As shown, the Docker agent uses the docker image (the official Jenkins are created at the host level. This looks perfectly fine, but the pipeline step docker run --name For example, The idea is the mount the docker client into the Jenkins container and use it to connect to the TCP socket over the docker network. We can do by building a new docker image with docker installed over the official jenkins/jenkins:lts image. Dockerfile. We assume that Nestyboxs Sysbox I might add on to this article if I find more interesting solutions in the future. Running this pipeline results in a permission denied error First, launch the system container with this simple Docker command: This command tells Docker to use the Sysbox container runtime to Since Jenkins is the No1 tool in the DevOps world and many companies are using it for their CI/CD pipeline needs, soon or later they are facing the issue of security. Jenkins also sets up the default user within the agent container to be of Docker containers. The first solution is to install all 3 components directly inside the Jenkins container. pipelines that rely on specific tools without having to install the directly on the host machine. 2) We had to run that Jenkins master container with a volume mount of the Docker daemon inside of the system container. Once the system container is running, simply access Jenkins via its Docker socket into the Jenkins master container. key feature of Nestybox system containers. Let's now look at the different solutions. That's all folks! the case. with respect to the hosts Docker daemon. This article describes these problems and shows how they can However, this means any containers/images created by the Jenkins container is accessible by the host and vice-versa. Articles about running Docker, Kubernetes, and more inside containers, easily and securely. All of this adds to the pain points previously discussed. Get smarter at building your thing. Jenkins. is acting as a virtual host (or sandboxed environment) inside "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \ a non-root user. tools in the host itself. Since the Jenkins image comes with the pre-created user (Jenkins), the solution is to create a Dockerfile in which we will totally delete the user Jenkins and recreate it with the permissions that we want, while lastly, we add the user Jenkins to the Docker User Group and delete the shadow package to minimize the image size as much as we can.

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