how tall was the mausoleum at halicarnassus

The Mausoleum, then, boasted many full, in the round figure sculptures carved on three different scales and painted bright colours, some of which would have stood between the columns while others stood on the steps of the podium. It was designed by the Greek architects Satyrus and Pythius. second ruler of Caria from the Hecatomnid dynasty (and nominally a Persian satrap) who died The frieze around the base of the roof's chariot was decorated with fighting centaurs, and large lions stood at the base of the pyramid. The thirteen blocks of frieze which were taken from an old fortification wall, and in 1846 found their way to the British Museum, stirred the ardor for further search, and in 1856 was begun a careful excavation of the site, to which, aided by Pliny's note-book, we owe most of our present knowledge of what the building really was. Pieces of the surviving structure, including those with decorative sculpture, were used by the Knights of Saint John of Malta in the walls of the castle of St Peter at Bodrum, constructed c. 1494 CE. We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. var script = document.createElement("script"); Pausanias adds that the Romans considered the Mausoleum …  It is melancholy to read the account of the commander who directed the work, and hear how, at the very time when Erasmus, Colet, Linacre, and Melanchthon were seeking to light the lamps of Greek culture at the North, a visible monument of its reality was going to the lime-kiln in the motherland itself. The tomb, planned by the ruler for himself and his descendants from c. 367 CE, was finished off by his sister-wife Artemisia. In the year 377 BC, Halicarnassus was the capital of a large empire. Built: Around 350 B.C. Still other remnants were extracted from the walls of Bodrum castle, and many of these are now in the British Museum in London. The Mausoleum, which was regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, is so impressive that the word 'mausoleum' is now used for many monumental tombs. They include the large statue of a male figure already described, another of an unidentified woman (these have traditionally been attributed to Mausolus and Artemisia but without any evidence), slabs from the friezes, and several lions and horses in various forms of completeness. 73, No. Image. Some of the monuments of the ancient world so impressed visitors from far and wide with their beauty, artistic and architectural ambition, and sheer scale that their reputation grew as must-see (themata) sights for the ancient traveller and pilgrim. The finished tomb was 147 feet tall and sat on a hill overlooking Halicarnassus. Here, then, is perhaps the secret of the Mausoleum's success - the audacious combination of monumental architecture and gigantic sculpture solely for visual effect, commemorating not a god but a mortal. https://www.ancient.eu/Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus/. How big was the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus? They wrought in competition, each assuming the decoration of one side; and when Queen Artemisia died (348 B. c.), before the work was done, "they did not," Pliny says, "abandon their tasks till all was finished, esteeming it at once a memorial of their own fame and of the plastic art; and to this day one cannot say which has excelled. The Mausoleum overlooked the city of Halicarnassus for many centuries. Halikarnassos, the city which it adorned, stood on the sea-shore at the southwestern tip of Asia Minor. Ruins of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Bodrum, Turkey. The structure was approximately 45-metres (135 feet) in height, and each of the four … 21 Feb 2021. Artemisia, Mausolus's wife, said the tomb was to be built to match the splendor of the city. }, Page last modified: #ga-ad {display: none;} As late as the fifteenth century AD the original Mausoleum was virtually intact. 51, Ed. Contents hide. The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus resembled a temple and the only way to tell the difference was its slightly higher outer walls. The mausoleum was 135ft tall. The mausoleum was about 140 feet tall and had a circumference of about 440 feet. By … 1 The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Facts. Bold and original as it was in design,— and to this it undoubtedly owed in chief measure its place among the Seven Wonders, —it arose under the hands of Greek artists, and yielded obedience to the lawsof beauty— a beauty which is restraint, born of the sense of fitness, supreme of the Attic virtues. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Bodrum, Turkey), was a massive tomb built for Mausolus, the ruler of Caria, c. 350 BCE. One one estimate, the podium was 60 feet tall, the colonnade was 38 feet tall, the pyramid was 22 feet tall, and the chariot statue at the top was 20 feet tall. The Mausoleum of Maussollos, or Mausoleum of Halicarnassus was a tomb built between 353-350 BC at Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey), for Mausolus a provincial king in the Persian Empire, and Artemisia, his wife and sister. Polk County Enterprise (Livingston, Tex. and still undamaged after attacks by pirates in 62 and 58 B.C.. For fifteen centuries or more the Mausoleum stood firm in its place, a marvel to the ancient and the medieval world. A 2-metre (6.5 ft) high wall once surrounded the whole mausoleum. The Mausoleum was completed around 350 BC, three years after Maussollos death, and one year after Artemisia's. The high podium or base, in fact, measured 38 x 32 metres (125 x 104 ft) according to the position of the cornerstones still in situ. 27 Full PDFs related to this paper. It was built using Anatolian and Pentelic marble on a rectangular podium and consisted of an Ionic colonnade with a stepped pyramidal roof. The sculptures which, with their color and form, gave warmth and life to the exterior, were the work of Skopas, Bryaxis, Timotheos, and. Information about the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus . Even the unfinished Mausoleum attracted visitors to Halicarnassus. READ PAPER. The structure was designed by the Greek architects Satyrus and Pythius, and each of the four sides was adorned with sculptural reliefs created by each one of four Greek sculptors — Leochares, Bryaxis, Scopas of Paros and Timotheus. 29-09-2012 18:38:00 ZULU. The Mausoleum, unlike many other ancient Wonders, survived more or less intact throughout antiquity, despite a few earthquakes over the centuries. When Mausolos died c. 353 BCE, his body was entombed in what became known as the Maussolleion or Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the Publishing Director at AHE. It stood above the city ruins for some 17 centuries. (function(src){var a=document.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";a.async=true;a.src=src;var b=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b)})("//experience.tinypass.com/xbuilder/experience/load?aid=bYdYZQml5V"); The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC at Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, a satrap in the Persian Empire, and Artemisia II of Caria, his wife and sister. During the following night robbers despoiled the tomb, and the next morning the floor was covered with bits of gold-leaf and fragments of fabrics wrought in gold. The Karians, closely akin to their neighbors the Lykians and Pisidians, were originally distinct from the Greeks in language, customs, religion, and race, being the descendants and representatives of a people who, before there were any Greeks in Greece, occupied the whole of European Greece, the islands of the AEgean, and at least the western and southern portions of Asia Minor. How to play Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Puzzle. One such figure, now in the British Museum, stands 3 metres (9 ft 10 in) tall and depicts a man wearing a Greek himation mantle over a long Carian tunic. Halicarnassus was already a thriving ancient city, famous as the birthplace of the celebrated 5th-century BCE historian Herodotus and with a history dating back to the Bronze Age. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Bodrum, Turkey), was a massive tomb built for Mausolus, the ruler of Caria, c. 350 BCE. You can see the Nereid … The Mausoleum had a perimeter of 411 feet (125 meters). Uniting in himself the pride of a liberator and the thrift of a famous money-getter, he transferred his capital from the staid old island Mylasa to Halikarnassos, and proceeded to make it a Wettstadt and a monument of his own greatness. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus/. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 26 Jul 2018. Written by Mark Cartwright, published on 26 July 2018 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. So famous was this structure that the word mausoleum came to be given to any large tomb. The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus was Greek in that it was the creation of Greek artists, the most brilliant of their times; but it was reared on Asiatic soil, in honor of a non-Greek, non-Aryan king. on the west coast of today's Turkey. Caria prospered thanks to Mausolus' control and development of coastal cities, which were then able to better capitalise on eastern Mediterranean trade, especially with Rhodes. Last modified July 26, 2018. The origin of the word ‘mausoleum’ is derived from Mausolus. Much of the Mausoleum was made out of marble and the entire structure reached 140 feet high. A marble frieze with relief carvings ran around the top of the podium, which had metal additions attached such as weapons and horse's reigns. The Mausoleum boasted many full, in the round figure sculptures carved on three different scales & painted bright colours. Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization. Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. The site of the Mausoleum itself is today little more than an earth pit with a few stones and column drums strewn about, nothing at all to hint at what was once the greatest tomb in the world after the pyramids of Giza. The tomb likely only collapsed in the Middle Ages, perhaps in the 13th century CE. and was still undamaged after attacks by pirates in 62 and 58 B.C.. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Similarly, you may ask, when was the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus destroyed? Statue of a Horse from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. Mausolus made the city even grander, adding many fine buildings including a new harbour, palace and several temples. var setNptTechAdblockerCookie = function(adblocker) { Podium and column fragments do survive, while some substantial pieces of the Mausoleum's decorative sculpture can today be seen at the British Museum in London. There is corroboration of the 36 Ionic columns and a pyramid with 24 steps. The ruler's construction of a better road network to connect inland sites further improved the region's prosperity and tax revenues came flooding into the capital. The construction of the Mausoleum was, according to the 1st-century BCE Roman architect Vitruvius in his On Architecture, supervised by the architect Pythius of Priene, and the sculptor Satyrus, who later jointly wrote a treatise on it. It was probably completed around 350 BCE, although Artemisia herself died the year before; she would be interred along with her husband and subsequent generations of their family. Final … ", @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { Its roots go back to the tomb of King Mausolus, to his maussolleion, which means a monument to Mausolus. Colossal Statues of Mausolus and Artemisia IIby Carole Raddato (CC BY-SA). script.setAttribute("src", "//www.npttech.com/advertising.js"); On top of the roof was a massive statue of Mausolus riding a chariot in the guise of Hercules, made by Pythius himself. Cartwright, Mark. When Mausolus inherited the kingdom from his father, he was quick … The Mausoleum overlooked the city of Halicarnassus for many centuries. Alternatively, the remains may merely indicate a 'sending-off' feast for the dead ruler before his journey into the next life. The tomb itself was located in an enclosed courtyard with a massive stairway flanked by stone lionsleading up to it. A surviving lintel stone indicates the spacing between the columns and suggests the overall dimensions of the building were 32 x 26 metres (104 x 85 ft). A surviving fragment of a chariot wheel, likely from the top sculpture, suggests the complete wheel would have been over 2 metres in diameter, making the statue some 6 metres high. Many sculptural pieces and other fragments from the Mausoleum were discovered during the British excavations of the 1850s CE. document.cookie = "__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/"; The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus was by most accounts approximately 140 feet tall, and its base dimensions were 120 feet by 100 feet. 2 Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Meets its Demise. The Ruins of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Reconstructed. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. There were also friezes that wrapped around the entire building. It was untouched when the city fell to Alexander the Great in 334 B.C. The tomb itself was set within the podium and finds of sacrificial remains (oxen, sheep, lambs, and birds) suggest the building acted as the centre of a hero-cult, likely directed towards Mausolus' role as the city's re-founder c. 370 BCE. It is likely that the tomb of Alexander the Great in Alexandria and the Belevi Mausoleum were inspired by the building in Halicarnassus, which was known as the mausoleum. The rider wears a tunic and trousers in the Persian fashion. The Mausoleum … Crowds of people rushed to the city to see it with their own eyes. The second story was a temple, with an open colonnade of thirty-six Ionic columns surrounding the cella, in which the king and his queen received the honors of hero-gods. Its name became generic, as in the "mausoleum" of Augustus, on the Campus Martius at Rome, and the " mausoleum " of Hadrian, surviving to-day in the Castle of San Angelo. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Artist's Impression). 1 Thursday, September 8, 1955 Page: 3 of 16 Although the mausoleum itself was constructed of bricks, this was covered with splendid white Proconnesian marble. "Mausoleum at Halicarnassus." d.setTime(d.getTime() + 60 * 60 * 24 * 2 * 1000); When Mausolus died in 353 BC, Artemisia was reported to have been so broken-hearted she hired the most talented artists to create the most magnificent tomb in the world. The various documentary sources, the archaeological excavations and the representations are fairly unanimous, one can therefore estimate that there is a great probability that the mausoleum of Halicarnassus is in conformity with the description below. With your help we create free content that helps millions of people learn history all around the world. Seven such monuments became the original 'bucket list' when ancient writers such as Herodotus, Callimachus of Cyrene, Antipater of Sidon, and Philo of Byzantium compiled shortlists of the most wonderful sights of the ancient world. Mausolus and Artemisia had ruled over Halicarnassus and the region surrounding it for 24 years. The 1st-century CE Roman writer Pliny the Elder gives the following description of the Mausoleum: The circumference of this building is, in all, 440 [classical] feet [140 m], and the breadth from north to south 63 feet [20 m], the two fronts being not so wide in extent. It was untouched when the city fell to Alexander the Great in 334 B.C. In 1402 a portion of the blocks which made its pyramidal summit were used by the Knights of St. John for the building of a fortification, and again, in 1522, the ruin was treated as a quarry, and a good portion of its marble went to lime. Buying the Mausoleum At Halicarnassus tour tickets … ), Vol. This white marble monument stood 140 feet tall, overlooking what was once a glorious empire. Halicarnassus was already a thriving ancient city, famous as the birthplace of the celebrated 5th-century BCE historian Herodotus and with a history dating back to … } For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, or Tomb of Mausolus, was a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC at Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey).It was built for Mausolus, a satrap in the Persian Empire, and Artemisia II of Caria, who was both his wife and his sister.. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus made it onto the established list of Seven Wonders because of its audacious dimensions, rich sculptural decoration, and the many other fine buildings and artworks which surrounded it, all made by the finest artists and architects of the day. Ultimately, both Mausolus and Artemisia were buried inside. Following a damaging earthquake, and with many elements cannibalised for the 15th century CE Bodrum Castle, the Mausoleum no longer survives. This addition makes the total height of the work 140 feet [45 m]. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Mausolus died in 353 BCE. Cartwright, M. (2018, July 26). (Natural History, 36.4). Mark is a history writer based in Italy. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was built by Artemisia after her husband Mausolus died. According to the description by the Roman author Pliny the Elder (23–79 ce ), the monument was almost square, with a total periphery of 411 feet (125 metres). It was built to be known for its beauty, richness, and grace. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2021) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Monsieurdl. Web. It sat on a huge base that elevated it, making it stand about 45 meters (148 ft)tall. Fun online history puzzles for desktop computers, laptops and tablets, which may be played in the web browser. Cartwright, Mark. The Ancient Roman wonder was built in 351 BCE as a tomb for the fallen Persian Satrap, Mausolus. Books byjamesfellgusson, fei.ix)wnovalinstituteokbritishancliitects. Vitruvius adds Praxiteles to the list and informs us that all of these great artists appraised each other's work to decide what would be included in the finished structure. document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script); Cite This Work The Mausoleum, … For 16 centuries, the Mausoleum remained in good condition until an earthquake caused some damage to the roof and colonnade. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus is a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC for Persian Governor Mausolus and his wife Artemisia and is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. The Knights of Saint John of Malta use parts of the Mausoleum of, Seven Wonders of the Ancient World by Paul Jordan, A Restoration of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. Pliny the Elder agrees and also records the involvement of three other famous artists: Timotheus, Bryaxis, and Scopas. Related Content His special interests include pottery, architecture, world mythology and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share in common. It is twenty-five cubits in height, and is surrounded with 36 columns, the outer circumference being known as the “Pteron”…above the Pteron there is a pyramid erected, equal in height to the building below, and formed of 24 steps, which gradually taper upwards towards the summit; a platform, crowned with a representation of a four-horse chariot by Pythis. The lower story, in which was the tomb, was decorated with Ionic pilasters alternating with niches for the figures of the family's ancestors, and supporting an architrave enlivened with a frieze. The ruins are still visible today, they are exactly in the city center, just north of the port, along the artery which cuts the city in two lengthways. The tomb is famous for its enormous, opulent detailed sculptures. script.setAttribute("onerror", "setNptTechAdblockerCookie(true);"); Maussolos — for he spelled his own name with double s — had been a prudent and successful king, and in 357 BC was a prime mover in the revolt known as the Social War, which destroyed the maritime empire of Athens, and gave Karia, along with other states, its independence. Then a series of earthquakes in the 13th century shattered the columns and sent the stone chariot crashing to the ground. King Mausolus reigned from 377-353 B.C. Stories about the tremendous tomb spread all over Greece. According to ancient writers, the famed sculptor Leochares (c. 365-325 BCE) worked on some of the decorative sculpture of the Mausoleum. It was the home of a Doric-Greek colony, the birthplace, indeed, of Herodotos, "father of history," and its prevailing language was Greek; but, with all the rest of Karia, on whose soil it stood, it belonged to the domain of the Karian dynasts, who since the days of Kyros had been recognized as satraps of the Persian Empire. var d = new Date(); This frieze, just below the colonnade, was almost one metre (39 inches) in height and included Greeks fighting Amazons (an Amazonomachy) as well as chariot racers, although these may have been part of the frieze running around the interior tomb-chamber. When Mausolus died in 353 BCE, his wife Artemisia ordered the construction of this vast structure in their capital city, Halicarnassus (now called Bodrum) in modern Turkey. The mausoleum was built in the shape of a pyramid and had 24 steps and 36 columns. Image. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus reached a height of around 45 metres (148 feet) and the rectangular shaped building had dimensions of roughly 30 by 40 metres (98 by 131 feet), and included 36 pillars, while the structure was topped with a pyramid-like roof. The Mausoleum was the focal point of the city and was about 148 feet or 45 meters tall … The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Facts . The Ruins of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassusby Carole Raddato (CC BY-SA). The Mausoleum was in the Greek-dominated area of Halicarnassus, According to the Roman architectVitruvius, it was built by Satyros and Pytheus who wrote a treatise about it; this treatise is now lost. The Maussolleion at Halikarnassos. The Mausoleum had lived through all … The mausoleum was a giant stone tomb erected in honor of Mausolus, one of the rulers of Halicarnassus who died in 353 BCE. This … This is a common square rotating … Although built on a much grander scale, the Mausoleum took inspiration for its design from the Nereid Monument of Xanthos, which was a city in ancient Lycia, Turkey. The scepter descended, in the Karian royal house, by the female side as well as by the male; and since the days of the other Artemisia, who distinguished herself on the Persian side at Salamis, and won from Xerxes the despairing plaudit, "My men have to-day become women, and my women men," the queens of KaEJa maintained a brilliant reputation as the better halves. Fragments of various sizes have been excavated, which once belonged to 66 different statues (historians estimate there were originally at least 100). Although large, the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus was known more for its ornate sculptures and carvings. Image. Most of these were painted in vibrant colors. The accumulated riches in the royal coffers of Caria would be spent on one of the most lavish personal building projects ever seen in the ancient world. The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus was by most accounts approximately 140 feet tall, and its base dimensions were 120 feet by 100 feet. Greek culture had not failed, however, to make its way among them, especially since the great days of Perikles's empire, to which they had been for a time attached as tributary members. The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. The first story served, therefore, in the design as a postament for the temple, and both served to carry the pyramid, which, in deference to the ancient usage of Egypt and Assyria, formed a fitting symbol for the resting-place of kings. the mausoleumathalicaenassus restored incontonmltvwith therecentlydiscoveredremains. "Mausoleum at Halicarnassus." When Mausolus died in 353 BC, Artemisia was reported to have been so broken-hearted she hired the most talented artists to create the most magnificent tomb in the world. document.cookie = "__adblocker=" + (adblocker ? The base itself had a huge number of bas-reliefs depicting scenes … Modern excavations at Halicarnassus have revealed that the actual dimensions of the Mausoleum (today only fragments remain) vary slightly from Pliny's description. As Pausanias, the 2nd-century CE travel writer noted: The one [tomb] at Halicarnassus was made for Mausolus, king of the city, and it is of such vast size, and so notable for all its ornament, that the Romans in their great admiration of it call remarkable tombs in their country “Mausolea.” (Description of Greece, 8.16.4). Amazonomachy Relief from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassusby Carole Raddato (CC BY-SA). The Mausoleum was planned as a monument to Maussolos and his sister-wife Artemisia, and after his death (351 BC) was built nearly to completion by his widow. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was built for Mausolus, a governor in the Persian Empire. On top of the mausoleum, there was an area flanked by 36 columns, each having a statue of gods and goddessesin between them. Conceived as a sacred monument for the city and the ruling dynasty, it was located within a large precinct right in the city's centre and connected to the agora by a large monumental staircase. The Mausoleum At Halicarnassus is one of the only standing structure among the Seven Wonders of Antiquity. Here, not far from the popular holiday resort of Bodrum, is where the word mausoleum originated. The accumulated riches in the royal coffers of Caria would be spent on one of the most lavish personal building projects ever seen in the ancient world. Mausolus and Artemisia had ruled over Halicarnassus and the region surrounding it for 24 years. The impressive monument was copied on several occasions. You can find this word in many modern languages. The mausoleum of Halicarnassus is in the city of Bodrum, a town on the west coast of Turkey. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was a massive structure built in the Greek city of Halicarnassus in the satrapy of Caria. "Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Puzzle" is a fun square rotating puzzle to sort 40 squares puzzle of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus wonder of the world. The Mausoleum was built on a hill overlooking the city of Halicarnassus. She died 2 years later and her ashes were entombed with him, but later destroyed by … The finished tomb was 147 feet … License. Vitruvius Marcus Pollio - The Architecture Mausolus (Mausolos or Mausollos) was a satrap of Persia who ruled semi-independently in Caria in modern southwest Turkey from c. 377 BCE, and Halicarnassus (or Halikarnassos) was selected as his capital c. 370 BCE. After four days' digging through massive walls, we hear how the spoilers came upon a great hall surrounded by marble columns, its walls decorated with polished panels of variegated marble and lines of sculptured frieze. It was built as him tomb and the word Mausoleum has now been adopted into our language to mean a tomb above ground, similarly to how pharos became the word for lighthouse in many language; it's incredible the different ways in which the Ancient World has affected us in modern day. From this hall a narrow door led out into the tomb, where sarcophagus and urn still stood undesecrated. Much of its remains are currently housed in the British Museum. Destroyed: Damaged by earthquakes in 13th century A.D. . The place today has the remains of the old world times and their is a museum as well. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was a large and ornate mausoleum built both to honor and hold the remains of Mausolus of Caria. The building was designed by the Greek architects Satyros and Pythius of Priene.< It was about 45 meters (135 feet) tall. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Reconstructedby NeoMam Studios (CC BY-SA) script.setAttribute("async", true); Leochares. Construction on the project began around 350 BC for the ruler, Mausolus (377-353 BCE) and his wife/sister Artemisia I of Caria who were the rulers of the independent kingdom of Caria. The marble structure was so immense and decorated with such an array of striking sculptures that it made it onto the list of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and thereafter gave its name to any large funeral monument - a mausoleum. Colossal Statues of Mausolus and Artemisia II, Amazonomachy Relief from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. So it happened that one of the World Wonders arose on the hem of the Orient through the cooperation of Greek artistic taste and barbarian filthy lucre, and became in so far the herald and forerunner of the dawning cosmopolitanism.

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